TARGETING OBESITY: PHARMACOLOGICAL THERAPIES, BIOCHEMICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS AND RENAL STONE RISK – CURRENT DRUGS AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES

Obesity remains a leading public health concern worldwide, contributing to various comorbidities, including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and metabolic syndrome. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness and underlying biochemical mechanisms of pharmacological therapies for obesity treatment. The study focuses on currently approved anti-obesity drugs and their impact on biochemical pathways such as appetite regulation, fat metabolism, and energy expenditure. A case control study was conducted with obese subjects assigned to either drug treatment or placebo groups. The results demonstrated a statistically significant reduction in body weight in the treatment group (p < 0.05), with notable improvements in metabolic parameters including blood glucose and lipid profile. Furthermore, biochemical markers of appetite regulation and fat oxidation were significantly altered, providing insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying the efficacy of these therapies. These findings highlight the therapeutic potential of current pharmacological interventions and point to new directions for future drug development, focusing on targeting specific molecular pathways involved in obesity. The study provides a comprehensive understanding of the biochemical basis of obesity treatment and underscores the need for further research to optimize therapeutic strategies.