Research on frequency stability and anomaly analysis and detection of rubidium atomic clocks

Abstract The rubidium atomic clock serves as the core equipment in satellite navigation, directly influencing the timing and positioning accuracy of the satellite navigation system. The clock's frequency stability and accuracy play a crucial role in time measurement. However, anomalies in frequency, such as glitches, steps, and cycles, can impact clock performance. This article delves into the causes and effects of these anomalies by analyzing and detecting frequency irregularities in rubidium atomic clocks. Through experimental measurements of the rubidium clock (with interpolated 1-second data) and simulations of anomaly scenarios, Burrs may occur in the clock's frequency, leading to instantaneous fluctuations. Step anomalies, on the other hand, may arise from system errors or external interference, significantly affecting frequency stability. Period abnormalities manifest as regular and periodic changes in clock frequency. In this article, we propose corresponding analysis and detection methods. By precisely processing data and conducting timing analysis, these anomalies can be effectively identified and corrected, improving the performance and reliability of rubidium atomic clocks.