ANALYTICAL AND PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF BANKS EXPENSES' FORMING

The article substantiates theoretical and methodological approaches and applied aspects of forming bank expenses in martial law conditions and banking system transformation. It has been proven that bank expenses cannot be considered an isolated financial indicator but a complex and strategically important element of banking institution management. It is emphasised that the structure and efficiency of cost formation determine the stability of the banking system, its level of financial stability and its ability to adapt. Based on an analysis of the macroeconomic indicators of the banking system of Ukraine and the activities of PJSC AB “Pivdenny”, trends in the volume and structure of costs are outlined, and reserves for their optimisation are identified. Directions for improving cost formation processes are proposed, particularly the introduction of adaptive budgeting, digitisation of operations, differentiation of costs according to their strategic value, and centralisation of non-core functions. It is argued that cost optimisation should be viewed not only as a cost-saving tool, but also as a strategic factor in improving the competitiveness and sustainability of banks in the current environment.