From Special Potential Relativity to General Potential Relativity: A Relativistic Quantum Formalism with Energy-Dependent Mass Renormalization
This paper introduces the LLG equation—a novel relativistic quantum mechanical framework derived from first principles of energy conservation and mass-energy-potential equivalence. The formalism features a unique energy-dependent mass renormalization m∗ = m0 1+2V/E that dynamically couples potential energy with total energy. Through rigorous mathematical derivation, we establish the equation’s Lorentz covariance, probability conservation, and correspondence principle. Experimental validation across 42 high-precision tests demonstrates unprecedented accuracy with mean deviation 0.28, outperforming the Dirac equation (2.10) and LLS equation (0.85). The LLG equation resolves long-standing anomalies in strong-field quantum systems while maintaining mathematical elegance.
Authors
- dongqi liu
- shifa liu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6570-2812)
Institutions
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
- Peking University (CN)
Publication Details
- Published
- 2025-09-16
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.33774/coe-2025-26c1h
- Primary Topic
- Quantum Mechanics and Applications
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00
Funders
- CERN
- National Institute of Standards and Technology