Comparative Study of Traditional Soil Nailing, Eco-Friendly Soil Nailing with Vetiver Grass, and Unprotected Cut Slopes

This study presents, for the first time, a direct comparison of different slope stabilization techniques within the same project, offering critical insights into their performance, sustainability, and cost-effectiveness. The investigation evaluates three distinct approaches: (1) conventional soil nailing with shotcrete surfacing, a widely adopted and proven method for slope reinforcement; (2) an innovative eco-friendly alternative combining soil nailing with Vetiver grass (Chrysopogon zizanioides), which enhances slope stability through bioengineering while promoting environmental sustainability; and (3) unprotected cut slopes, which typically fail within the first rainy season, underscoring the necessity of effective stabilization measures. While traditional soil nailing provides reliable mechanical reinforcement, the proposed hybrid system that integrates soil nails with Vetiver grass offers a more sustainable, cost-efficient, and ecologically beneficial solution. The deep-rooting properties of Vetiver grass improve soil cohesion and reduce surface erosion, complementing the structural support of soil nails. In contrast, unprotected slopes exhibit rapid deterioration, emphasizing the critical need for engineered slope protection in erosion-prone environments. This study aims to assess the comparative effectiveness, long-term durability, and environmental impact of these methods, providing valuable guidance for slope stabilization in geotechnical and ecological engineering applications.