Henoch-Schönlein Purpura Triggered by Amebiasis in a Young Female Child: A Case Report and Literature Review

Immunoglobulin A (IgA) vasculitis, formerly known as Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP), is the most common form of systemic vasculitis in children, characterized by the deposition of IgA within small blood vessels. While HSP typically manifests with purpuric rash, arthritis, and gastrointestinal involvement, reports of HSP triggered by parasitic infections, such as amebiasis, are rare. This case examines the association between HSP and <i>Entamoeba histolytica</i> infection, highlighting the importance of recognizing parasitic triggers in systemic vasculitis. A 12-year-old female with no significant past medical history presented with fatigue, abdominal pain, diarrhea, hematochezia, and vomiting. She subsequently developed a non-blanching purpuric rash on her lower extremities, accompanied by joint pain and swelling. Laboratory findings revealed mild anemia, elevated inflammatory markers, and a positive stool culture for <i>Entamoeba histolytica</i>. The patient was diagnosed with HSP in association with amebiasis. Treatment involved intravenous fluids, oral prednisolone, and metronidazole. This case highlights a rare association between HSP and amebiasis, suggesting that parasitic infections should be considered potential triggers in vasculitis. A thorough diagnostic approach and timely management, including corticosteroids and antimicrobial therapy, contributed to a favorable outcome in this patient.