Quantitative analysis and prediction of corrective force in scoliosis brace-treated patients

Abstract Background A lack of quantitative approaches in brace treatment exists for patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). This study aimed to explore the effective application of corrective forces in treatment, thus developing a theoretical basis for quantitative corrective force in the treatment of scoliosis patients. Patients and Methods A total of 30 AIS patients undergoing scoliosis brace treatment were incorporated in the study. A force-sensing and data-acquisition system was employed to collect corrective force data during standardized movements performed by patients in different postures. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS 26.0 software with a significance level of α = 0.05. Results The cohort included 6 males (20%) and 24 females (80%), with a mean age of 14.53 ± 1.43 years. The major curve locations were as follows: thoracic (26.67%), lumbar (56.67%), and thoracolumbar (16.67%). The mean brace treatment duration was 13.87 ± 11.96 months. The initial Cobb angle was 32 ± 5°, with a reduction of 8 ± 6° post-treatment. There was a significant correlation between corrective forces in sitting and standing ( P < 0.001, R 2 = 0.7093) and sitting/walking postures ( P < 0.001, R 2 = 0.7751). A multiple linear regression identified gender, age, and Risser grade as key corrective strength factors. It was demonstrated that movement significantly affected corrective force. Conclusions This study quantified the corrective force in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients, revealing that a force exceeding 40 N is typically applied at the apex of the major curve. A prediction formula based on gender, age, Risser grade, and vertex position was established, which is expected to be guide the development of quantitative bracing protocols. Graphical Abstract