Frequency-Diverse Integrated Sensing and Communication System Utilizing Coupled-Resonator LWA With Full-Space Coverage and High Scanning Rate

This article proposes an integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) system leveraging a coupled-resonator leaky wave antenna (LWA) with full-space coverage and high scanning rate. The proposed system addresses the limitations of traditional multitarget sensing techniques, including dependency on bulky multiantenna arrays and restricted scanning ranges. Specifically, the proposed single-antenna solution achieves full-space coverage within a relatively narrow operational bandwidth. A novel frequency-diverse architecture is designed, incorporating periodic coupled-resonator loadings to enable high scanning rates (9.72<inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$^{{^{\circ}}}/\%$</tex-math></inline-formula>) while maintaining high radiation directivity. The operational frequency band is partitioned into a sensing band (4.9−5.9 GHz) for multitarget detection and a communication band (5.9−5.95 GHz) for directional wireless communication, minimizing spectral interference. Experimental results demonstrate subwavelength resolution (1 mm) in static target sensing via near-field reconstruction and accurate detection of microdynamic targets (e.g., human respiration) through channel state information analysis. The communication subsystem achieves a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 20.9 dB in indoor environments under concurrent sensing operations. Comparative evaluations illustrate that the proposed ISAC system outperforms existing solutions regarding scanning range, efficiency, and multifunctional integration. This work provides a compact and cost-effective platform for smart Internet-of-Things and health-care applications requiring simultaneous high-resolution sensing and reliable communication.