Integrating Human Factors in Automation: Educational Study on Cyber-Physical Systems and Emotional Responses

This study explores the integration of Industry 5.0 principles into mechatronics engineering education, focusing on a human-centric approach. The European Commission’s leadership in Industry 5.0 highlights the significance of emotional intelligence in the workplace, showing that emotionally intelligent leaders can enhance employee engagement and performance. Utilizing human digital twin (HDT), digital twin (DT), and cyber-physical systems (CPS), this research addresses the interaction between humans (students) and environmental challenges in the workspace. The primary objective is to propose and evaluate a CPS simulation for teaching sustainable manufacturing practices. The methodology includes a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative cycle time measurements and qualitative emotional analyses using facial expression recognition technology. Results indicate varied emotional responses among students, with significant levels of anger, fear, and sadness, suggesting that repetitive tasks were stressful. This study emphasizes the need for emotional intelligence training and adaptive technologies to improve workplace well-being, aligning with Industry 5.0’s human-centered vision.