Sensitivity of Inversion-based Coordinate Registration and Target Estimation to Multi-static Over-the-Horizon Radar Geometry

High-frequency (HF), radars can regularly see over-thehorizon, with this beyond-line-of-sight (BLOS) propagation achieved by using the reflective properties of the ionosphere.Coordinate registration (CR) is a critical step required to map HF radar measurements into meaningful geographical coordinates and has a large impact on the errors present in estimated target parameters such as range, azimuth, and velocity.For multi-static HF radars, the CR problem becomes more difficult due to the introduction of additional bistatic paths.Nonetheless, this configuration of radar has the potential to provide a considerably improved detection environment.We demonstrate an implementation of inversion-based CR for multi-static HF radar and assess the sensitivity of target parameters to the geometric distribution of multi-static receive sites.