Formulation of Vector Wave Propagation Over Irregular 3D Irregular Terrain

Propagation of radio waves over irregular terrain is important topic in a number of areas including radar, wireless communications, SAR imaging, etc [1].When waves propagate over a terrain they can get reflected, deflected, diffracted and attenuated and the amount of signal degradation depends on the slope and composition of the terrain.The extent of terrain involved in these mechanisms depends on the distance between the transmitter and receiver and can even transcend horizon distances.Among the mathematical techniques commonly employed to study propagation are ray-tracing methods, frequency domain and time-domain finite difference methods, frequency domain Fourier transform methods, etc. [2].