Charge Transfers of Lightning Discharge Detected by Lightning Location System (LLS) and Altitudes of -10 ºC isotherm in the Coastal Areas of the Sea of Japan

The authors have analyzed the seasonal characteristics of lightning discharges in the coastal areas of the Sea of Japan using the datasets observed by two slow antennas, the Japanese Lightning Detection Network (JLDN), and the Local Forecasting Model (LFM) provided by the Japan Meteorology Agency (JMA).We clarified that the frequency of lightning discharges with a charge transfer exceeding 50 C increased when the altitude of the -10C isothermal layer descended below 2,500 meters.