Detecting the Undetected: Unlocking Pulsar Low Frequencies Discoveries with the GHRSS survey using GMRT

Pulsars are highly magnetized (10 8 to 10 13 Gauss [1]), fast-rotating neutron stars emitting electromagnetic beams, mainly in radio, X-ray, and gamma-ray bands.Due to their high periodic stability ( 10 -15 to 10 -21 s/s [1]), millisecond pulsars (MSPs, P 30 ms [1], 17% of total pulsar population) are key to Pulsar Timing Arrays for gravitational wave detection.According to estimates of the Galactic population, numerous MSPs are still unknown, ranging from 40,000 to 90,000 [1].Due to their weak signals, steep Spectral index ( -1.7) [1], and binary motion smearing (for binary pulsars), many MSPs remain undetected due to limitations in sensitivity, survey coverage, and observational cadence.To address these challenges and enhance the discovery of new pulsars, large-scale, high-sensitivity surveys are crucial.The Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT) High-Resolution Southern Sky (GHRSS) survey [2] is one such initiative, uniquely designed to detect pulsars and transients in the southern sky by utilizing the GMRT's advanced low-frequency capabilities.