One-step synthesis of graphene containing topological defects
Chemical vapour deposition enables large-domain growth of ideal graphene, yet many applications of graphene require the controlled inclusion of specific defects. We present a one-step chemical vapour deposition procedure aimed at retaining the precursor topology when incorporated into the grown carbonaceous film. When azupyrene, the molecular analogue of the Stone-Wales defect in graphene, is used as a precursor, carbonaceous monolayers with a range of morphologies are produced as a function of the copper substrate growth temperature. The higher the substrate temperature during deposition, the closer the resulting monolayer is to ideal graphene. Analysis, with a set of complementary materials characterisation techniques, reveals morphological changes closely correlated with changes in the atomic adsorption heights, network topology, and concentration of 5-/7-membered carbon rings. The engineered defective carbon monolayers can be transferred to different substrates, potentially enabling applications in nanoelectronics, sensorics, and catalysis.
Authors
- Willi Auwärter (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9452-4662)
- Reinhard J. Maurer (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3004-785X)
- Alexander Generalov (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3507-1645)
- Alexei Preobrajenski (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9444-7844)
- David G. Hopkinson (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4259-7450)
- Luke A. Rochford (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0792-0112)
- Leon B. S. Williams (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4453-0447)
- Lars Sattler
- Sebastian M. Weber (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2769-0668)
- Benedikt P. Klein (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6205-8879)
- Christopher S. Allen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6353-6000)
- Graham A. Rance (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8325-1096)
- Gerhard Hilt (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5279-3378)
- Thomas Liddy (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0638-5082)
- Joel Deyerling (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0176-5422)
- Alex Saywell (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2242-3149)
- Sarah J. Haigh (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5509-6706)
- Matthew A. Stoodley (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5573-2768)
- Dylan B. Morgan (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0009-8924-8267)
- David A. Duncan (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0827-2022)
- Roman Gorbachev (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3604-5617)
- Sam Sullivan Allsop (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8697-6922)
- Fulden Eratam
- Tien‐Lin Lee (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6935-5983)
- Mhairi A Buchan
- Henry Thake
Institutions
- Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg (DE)
- University of Nottingham (GB)
- University of St Andrews (GB)
- University of Cambridge (GB)
- Diamond Light Source (GB)
- University of Manchester (GB)
- Henry Royce Institute (GB)
- University of Warwick (GB)
- University of Oxford (GB)
- MAX IV Laboratory (SE)
- Technical University of Munich (DE)
- University of Glasgow (GB)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Chemical Science
- Published
- 2025-01-01
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1039/d5sc03699b
- Citations
- 1
- Primary Topic
- Graphene research and applications
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.52
Funders
- Queen Mary University of London
- Diamond Light Source
- UK Research and Innovation
- University of Warwick
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
- Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council