A 3D experimental methodology for investigating wave-induced pore pressures in the seabed around a monopile foundation

The increasing focus on understanding wave–structure–soil interactions has highlighted the need for experimental studies on pore pressure measurements around monopile foundations during wave loading. Physical modelling in large-scale wave basins provides valuable insights into these complex interactions under controlled conditions. However, challenges such as scour formation, sediment transport, installation and compaction of the sediment, and potential boundary effects make the replication of realistic seabed conditions particularly demanding. In response to these challenges, this study presents new guidelines based on experience gained from a unique set of 3D experiments conducted in a large wave basin. The experimental setup utilised sediment dredged from the North Sea to replicate in-situ conditions, ensuring a representative foundation response. Both regular waves, aimed at providing a fundamental understanding, and irregular long- and short-crested waves, designed to better simulate real engineering conditions, were generated. This study details sediment preparation, compaction strategies, boundary effects, physical setup and instrumentation, offering guidance for future experimental research at the intersection of geotechnical and coastal engineering. • Experimental methodology for pore pressure measurements around a monopile. • North Sea sediment used to replicate realistic seabed conditions. • Soil characterisation, preparation and compaction strategies for physical modelling. • Design accounting for scaling laws, monopile stiffness, boundary effects and scour.