Optimization of concrete oil extraction from Rosa X Damascena petals by response surface methodology and its chemical and biological characterization

The study was aimed to optimize the Rosa x damascena concrete oil using hexane as a solvent. The effect of selected key parameters, liquid-solid ratio (g/g), temperature (°C), and extraction time (h) on the extraction yield were studied and optimized. The chosen parameters were optimized using the response surface methodology (RSM) with the Box-Behnken Design (BBD) method. Prior to optimize, one variable at a time approach was executed for selecting the individual parameter’s range. Further, response surface analysis was carried out among parameters for the range, 25–50°C for temperature, 4–26 h for extraction time and 1:1–1:7 (g-g) for solid-liquid ratio. The developed statistical model from RSM was verified with R 2 and adjusted R 2 values that were 97.96 % and 95.34 %, respectively. In order to optimize the condition for maximizing the extraction yield of concrete oil, numerical optimization technique was utilized to solve the model for predicting the exact level of factors, often using desirability functions. The optimal condition wwas a liquid-to-solid ratio of 4.388, an extraction time of 20 h, and a temperature of 31.60 °C. The concrete oil obtained under optimal condition was further characterized using FTIR and GC-MS analyses, revealing 9 major peaks corresponding to functional groups and 28 peaks corresponding to bioactive compounds. The identified compounds are known for their significant therapeutic properties.