Wireless Power-Up and Readout of Label-Free Nanosensors for In-Vivo Monitoring of Protein Concentrations in Live Animals

Tracking inflammatory biomarkers in real-time is essential for timely clinical interventions; however, wired sensors are restrictive, inconvenient, prone to infection risk, and limit continuous monitoring compared with wireless sensors. In this study, for the first time ever, to the best of our knowledge, we report a novel method for wireless power-up and readout of a label-free electronic biosensor for quantification of protein biomarkers in live animals. The sensor operates through resonant inductive coupling for wireless power transfer, enabling remote impedance measurements of a nanowell array without requiring a direct electrical connection. The receiver circuit is integrated within a 3D-printed structure optimized for application on wound sites. Experimental validation included titration of IL-6 across a wide concentration range and in vivo testing on 30 animals with induced wounds. The wireless sensor's measurements showed a strong correlation (<i>R</i>² > 0.9) with standard ELISA results. This platform offers a noninvasive, real-time, portable approach to tracking inflammation, potentially improving wound care management and patient outcomes.