An Intracellular Magnetic Micromotor Drives Spatiotemporal Mechano‐Immunotherapy
Spatiotemporal coordination of coherent steps in the cancer-immunity cycle is desirable yet inherently challenging in nature, thereby impeding the effectiveness of immunotherapy in treating solid tumors. Here, this work designs an intelligent intracellular magnetic torque (IIMT) paradigm to spatiotemporally orchestrate tumor cells and antigen presenting cells (APCs) by integrating with rotating magnetic fields to drive immunotherapy. A rod-shaped magnetic micromotor is engineered to manipulate tunable torques inside lysosomes and regulate selective biological functions in these cells. High-intensity torques primarily cause tumor immunogenic cell death and antigen release, whereas, low intensity-torques trigger antigen leakage from lysosomes for APC cross-presentation and simultaneously activate NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome. Importantly, sequential IIMT boosts antitumor immunity and synergistically enhances anti-programmed cell death protein 1 antibody (anti-PD-1) therapeutic effect. In sum, this work develops a magnetic torque-based strategy to drive the cancer-immunity cycle for mechano-immunotherapy, which opens an intriguing field to explore mechanobiology and immunity through intracellular mechanics.
Authors
- Wei Zhang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5111-4097)
- Xueyan Wei (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6656-4832)
- Haiming Fan (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0091-772X)
- Rui Gao (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3520-4978)
- Min Wang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2760-1506)
- Cheng Lv
- Yifan Tong (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9028-5756)
- Yingze Li (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9035-7218)
- Bin He (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3193-6269)
- Gustavo R. Plaza (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5555-5498)
- Huan Ren (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6782-5782)
- Yichao Tang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6032-5558)
- Weiwei Yang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1661-9137)
- Jason Miska (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9608-2810)
- Yu Cheng (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9030-2023)
- Chen Liu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1352-2468)
- Yajuan Zhang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3999-2831)
- Xiaoqin Zhang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2161-4848)
- Xiaolei Chen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8573-1475)
- Yalei Dai
- Xiaoyi Jiang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1379-0713)
- Peng Ning (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8870-6344)
- Zhenyan Zhu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0154-7396)
- Tao Feng (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1731-8640)
- J. Shen
- Chang Xu
Institutions
- Northwestern University (US)
- Tongji University (CN)
- Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China (CN)
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University (CN)
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CN)
- Shanghai Chest Hospital (CN)
- Northwest University (CN)
- Intelligent Systems Research (United States) (US)
- Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science (CN)
- Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital (CN)
- Autonomous Healthcare (US)
- Centre for Plant Biotechnology and Genomics (ES)
- Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Technology (CN)
- Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (ES)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Advanced Materials
- Published
- 2025-09-13
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202504404
- Primary Topic
- Micro and Nano Robotics
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00
Funders
- Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai
- National Natural Science Foundation of China
- Shanghai Municipal Education Commission
- National Key Research and Development Program of China