Single-session radiofrequency ablation versus microwave ablation of predominantly solid benign thyroid nodules—a comparison after propensity score matching for initial nodule volumes and diameters

Question The comparative efficacy of single-session radiofrequency ablation (RFA) versus microwave ablation (MWA) for benign solid thyroid nodules remains unclear and so are factors affecting treatment efficacy. Findings Larger nodule diameter and volume negatively correlated with efficacy of RFA. For smaller nodules, RFA and MWA were comparable. MWA may have better efficacy for larger nodules. Clinical relevance For smaller nodules (max diameter < 3.5 cm or volume < 20 mL), RFA and MWA were equally effective and safe. For larger nodules (max diameter ≥ 3.5 cm or volume ≥ 20 mL), MWA may be more efficacious. Verification with prospective trials that account for baseline nodule volumes is needed.