Messianism and universalism in Psalm 22: An intertextual journey according to Mikhail Bakhtin’s dialogism

Intertextuality, often described as the co-presence of one text in another, is not sufficiently explained. The relationship between texts is the result of a historically and socially localized dialogue that can be traced by knowing the identities that exert their influence through their own statements. This article uses three of the phenomena of social dialogism defined by Mikhail Bakhtin to better understand the phenomenon of interpretation and transmission of Psalm 22 in communities linked to the biblical world. Developments, oppositions, and novelties are explained through ‘stylization’, ‘parodic use’, and ‘hidden polemic’.