Determination of ultra-trace to macro elements in broccoli seeds and sprouts: Implications for traceability in the polish sprout market

This study investigates the ultra-trace, trace, and macro elements in broccoli seeds, control broccoli sprouts, and selenium (Se)-enriched broccoli sprouts, which may aid traceability in the Polish sprout market. Accurate determination of elemental content is essential to meet both regulatory standards and consumer expectations. Element concentrations were measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry equipped with an integrated collision-reaction cell (ICP (iCRC)MS), a method routinely utilized to validate the enrichment levels during selenium biofortification of sprouts. The results reveal differences in elemental profiles among broccoli cultivars and demonstrate the potential for enhancing Se accumulation through supplementation. Importantly, Se enrichment did not significantly affect the levels of other elements. Se-enriched broccoli sprouts contained between 126.03 ± 0.58 and 283.02 ± 0.90 mg kg^-1 of Se. Statistical analysis showed no significant differences in the majority of elemental concentrations among broccoli seeds, control broccoli sprouts, and Se-enriched broccoli sprouts.