Changes in the prevalence of heart failure phenotypes over time and their association with patients’ prognosis

Between the first and third tertiles, the prevalence of HFrEF decreased by 27% and the prevalence of HFmrEF and HFpEF increased by 53% and 92%, respectively. There was a progressive increase in the proportion of older patients, women, and the number of comorbidities, particularly hypertension, atrial fibrillation, diabetes, and cancer. The 5‑year survival rates improved across tertiles for all HF patients (from 48.4% to 60.2%; P <0.001), with the greatest gains observed in the HFrEF group (from 45.7% to 57%; P <0.001). After adjusting for confounders, hospitalization during the second and third tertiles remained an Conclusions: During the study period, the proportion of patients with HFpEF and HFmrEF increased, and this shift was paralleled by a growing proportion of elderly and female patients and a rising burden of comorbidities. However, overall survival improved, particularly among the HFrEF patients.