Competencias comunicacionales de los estudiantes de Educación General Básica en Ecuador: Una revisión bibliográfica

The study addressed communicative competencies in students of Basic General Education in Ecuador, considering their role as a cross-cutting axis of the national curriculum. It examined how the macro-skills of listening, speaking, reading, and writing are progressively integrated across educational sublevels, from preparatory to upper basic, with the aim of strengthening learning, social interaction, and civic participation.The research was based on a systematic literature review following the PRISMA protocol. Academic databases such as Dialnet, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Scielo were consulted. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were defined to select studies published between 2015 and 2025, including exceptional documents due to their legal or scientific relevance. The process involved four stages: study identification, title and abstract screening, full-text eligibility assessment, and final synthesis of 17 relevant investigations.As conclusions, the study highlights those communicative competencies are essential for students’ holistic development—not only academically, but also in shaping active citizenship. The review revealed the need to strengthen the teaching of these skills through a contextualized approach that considers the sociocultural realities of the school population. It also emphasizes the importance of designing inclusive and adaptive pedagogical strategies that foster participation, critical thinking, and effective expression in diverse educational settings