Analysis of the Impact of Fiscal and Monetary Policies on Non-oil Merchandise Exports in Iraq (2004–2022)

The research aims to analyze the reality of fiscal and monetary policies and the tools used to study them after 2004. It also analyzes the relationship between fiscal and monetary policies and non-oil commodity exports in Iraq during the research period, measures the impact of the former on the latter using standard tools, and draws conclusions. This research is important because fiscal and monetary policies support non-oil commodity exports in order to reduce the control of the oil sector and avoid fluctuations in oil prices. This research also focuses on the policy tools through which foreign trade can be supported and exports diversified. Therefore, non-oil exports have become an indispensable necessity in order to get out of dependence on oil economies and the resulting global financial crises. Several conclusions were reached, the most important of which is that fiscal and monetary policies did not play a positive role in supporting non-oil commodity exports in Iraq between 2004 and 2022, while the results indicated the existence of a long-term equilibrium given the variables of fiscal policies. This study also provides a set of recommendations, including: working to encourage non-oil commodity exports by supporting scientific policies that aim to develop the economic sectors in general and the commercial sector in particular, reach technical methods through which production can be improved both in type and quality, and to develop investment spending in Iraq.