Improving Anti-Corrosion and Conductivity of NiTi Alloy Bipolar Plate Used for PEMFCs via Nb Alloying

NiTi alloy has emerged as a promising bipolar plate (BP) material for proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), combining Ti-like corrosion resistance with Ni-like electrical conductivity through its intermetallic characteristics. However, its performance faces greater challenges under aggressive operating conditions (70 °C, F^--containing acidic solution with air bubbling). This study demonstrates that Nb alloying effectively enhances NiTi while preserving its balanced properties. The developed NiTiNb alloy exhibits improved performance with 26% lower corrosion current density (<i>i</i>_c) and 29% reduced interfacial contact resistance (ICR) compared to conventional NiTi, effectively overcoming the conventional corrosion-conductivity trade-off in metallic BPs. The alloy also shows superior electrochemical stability and microhardness relative to pure Ti and Ni. These enhancements stem from a unique dual-phase microstructure comprising a NiTi (B2) matrix with continuous β-Nb grain boundary networks. During operation, this structure enables in situ formation of protective TiO₂-Nb₂O₅ films while maintaining conductive Nb/Nb₂O₅ pathways and metallic Ni domains. The findings establish Nb alloying as a viable optimization strategy for NiTi-based BP substrate in demanding PEMFC applications.