To Study Bacteriological Profile of All Patients Presenting with Community-acquired Pneumonia in Tertiary Care Centre

Background: The bacteriological profile of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is different in different countries and changes with time within the same country, probably due to frequent use of antibiotics, changes in environmental pollution, increased awareness of the disease, and changes in life expectancy.Objectives: Primary: To identify Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, and Klebsiella pneumoniae infections causing CAP confirmed by chest X-ray and laboratory assessment.Secondary: To study the comorbidities of patients with CAP.Methodology: This is a human-based, clinical, observational, prospective, cross-sectional study conducted in the Emergency Department of P.D. Hinduja Hospital and MRC Mahim, Mumbai.CAP was a clinical diagnosis; data were collected by strictly following inclusion and exclusion criteria, and mainly descriptive statistics were done.Results: (1) Mycobacterium tuberculosis (13.33%) was found to be the most common aetiological agent, followed by K. pneumoniae (8.57%), while S. pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus showed 2.86% each.(2) The most common comorbidities identified were hypertension (42.31%), followed by diabetes (33.65%),COPD (15.38%), asthma (9.62%), and interstitial lung disease (ILD) (7.69%).Past history of T.B. was present in 6.73% of patients, immunocompromised states like cancer in 6.73% of patients, chronic kidney disease (CKD) in 5.77% of patients, post-kidney transplant recipients (Post-KTR) in 2.88%, and HIV in 0.96% of CAP patients. Conclusion:Tuberculosis is always a possibility while managing CAP in India.There is a possibility of causing community-acquired Klebsiella pneumoniae due to antibiotic resistance patterns.Immunocompromised susceptible hosts can get this Klebsiella infection from healthy carriers.