EXAMINING THE TANGIBLE AND INTANGIBLE VALUES IN THE ADAPTIVE REUSE OF KHANS IN THE HISTORIC CITY

<p>Adaptive reuse is a significant strategy for the conservation and long-term sustainability of historical buildings like khans, which may become obsolete due to changing economic and social conditions. Traditionally serving as centers for trade, accommodation, and social interaction, khans carry the historical accumulation of their period and contribute significantly to urban identity and memory. The adaptive reuse process engages with both the tangible and intangible values of these structures to ensure their continued relevance and preservation. Tangible values pertain to the physical fabric and characteristics of the khan buildings, including their architectural design, authentic features, construction techniques, materials, form, design, and overall integrity, while intangible values are the non-physical qualities that give meaning and significance to the khan, connecting people to the place and its history. This paper examines the tangible fabric and intangible aspects as inseparable and jointly contributing to the unique meaning and spirit of a historical place. While functional change is often necessary for adaptive reuse, the choice of a new function should be carefully considered to ensure it remains compatible with the building's values and contributes to its significance. The study looks beyond conservation and evaluates based on available literature and onsite observations, how adaptive reuse offers economic benefits by increasing the financial value of khans, creating opportunities for tourism, and contributing to the economic development of local people. It also looks at the environmental advantages by reusing embodied energy and reducing construction waste. Finally, it discusses how successful adaptive reuse requires a holistic approach, balancing socio-cultural, economic, and physical aspects based on detailed analysis and stakeholder collaboration to ensure long-term sustainability and the effective transfer of heritage to future generations.</p>