Physiological Characteristics and Training Strategies of Key Muscles Required for Ballet Turnout

Turnout (i.e., rotating the lower limbs outward from the hips) is a foundational and highly demanding technical movement in classical ballet. Although this action is often associated with aesthetic expression, its completion relies on the deep synergy between skeletal structure, muscle involvement, and neuromuscular control. This article comprehensively analyzes the anatomical and physiological factors that affect turning, focusing on the key differences between passive turning ability and active turning ability, the potential impact of compensatory strategies, and the regulatory role of age and developmental stage on training needs. The research results indicate that in the training of turning movements, prioritizing the strengthening of active muscle participation is more important for preventing injuries compared to simply pursuing flexibility. Based on the relevant insights of sports medicine and dance science, this study further proposes an age-adapted training adaptation conceptual framework, indicating that the turning training strategy should be dynamically adjusted according to the biological development process of dancers. By integrating anatomical knowledge with practical training requirements, this study emphasizes the need for more personalized injury prevention methods in classical ballet teaching in order to improve training effectiveness and ensure the long-term physical health of dancers.