Environmental Costs and Future Transformation of Global Agriculture: A Perspective on the Two-Way Impacts of Intensive Agriculture and Climate

Focusing on the environmental challenges and transformation pressures facing global agriculture, this paper provides an in-depth analysis of intensive agriculture and the two-way coupling relationship between climate change. Through literature analysis and multidisciplinary approaches such as case comparison, it reveals the intensive agriculture on the climate system, the pressure pathways, and the feedback effects of climate change on agricultural production, while introducing the planetary boundary theory to quantify the safety threshold of agricultural activities. In addition, through the case comparison of oil palm cultivation in Southeast Asia and the green transformation of agriculture in Europe and the Netherlands, this paper discusses the innovative practices and policy tools for sustainable agricultural transformation and proposes the path of negative externality and the synergistic path of technology-policy-consumption, which provides a synergistic governance solution for the green transformation of global agriculture.