Therapy-Related Toxicity in Bladder Cancer Treatment: A Case Report

Bladder cancer is a commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide. Within muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC), the disease may present as localized or as metastatic. MIBC requires distinct therapeutic approaches, ranging from local treatments for preventing recurrence to systemic therapy. In this case report, we present the clinical case of a 67-year-old man diagnosed with muscle-invasive urothelial bladder cancer. His treatment through different stages of the disease is described, with the inclusion of immunotherapy-related toxicity. This case illustrates the complex treatment landscape for advanced MIBC, for which curative-intended strategies are standard, but disease relapse frequently occurs. The relevance of individualized treatment is highlighted. Advances in immunotherapy and the use of targeted therapy and antibody-drug conjugates provide hope for improved outcomes, but careful and often multidisciplinary management of treatment-related complications remains critical for optimizing patient care.