Understanding the underlying drivers shaping stakeholder perceptions of project success

Purpose This study explores how stakeholder roles shape perceptions of project success and identifies key dimensions underlying these differences. Design/methodology/approach We employed a quantitative methodology, collected data through an online survey, and analyzed stakeholder perceptions using multidimensional scaling (MDS). By applying MDS, we analyzed survey data from 335 project professionals to map the perceptual variations among stakeholder groups. This approach allowed for a systematic visualization of how different roles conceptualize success. Findings The results revealed two critical dimensions influencing stakeholder perceptions: operational vs. strategic orientation and internal vs. external focus. Project managers and team members prioritized execution efficiency, while sponsors and executives emphasized long-term impacts. Clients and influencers positioned more peripherally demonstrated distinct success criteria. This study highlights how perceptual misalignment among stakeholders can impact project evaluation and decision-making. Research limitations/implications Snowball sampling limits statistical representativeness, making the findings exploratory rather than generalizable. We conducted the analysis using two-dimensional multidimensional scaling (MDS), while a three-dimensional approach could reveal deeper structural patterns in stakeholder perceptions. Moreover, the research captured stakeholder perceptions at a single point in time, overlooking potential shifts throughout the project lifecycle. Lastly, while the study covers multiple sectors, broader industry and international comparisons could enhance applicability. Originality/value This research advances the understanding of stakeholder perception dynamics by systematically visualizing their differences in project success evaluation. The findings offer practical insights for project managers seeking to align diverse success criteria, improve stakeholder communication, and proactively address perceptual misalignments to reduce conflicts and enhance decision-making processes.