Botanical Nanovesicles Boost Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy: Next-Gen Advanced Therapy Medicinal Products for Spinal Cord Injury

The poor prognosis constitutes a significant difficulty for spinal cord injury (SCI) individuals. Although mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) hold promises as advanced therapy medicinal products (ATMPs) for SCI patients, challenges such as Good Manufacturing Practice-compliant manufacturing, cellular senescence, and limited therapeutic efficacy continue to hinder their clinical translation. Recent advances have identified botanical nanovesicles (BNs) as potent bioactive mediators capable of "priming" MSCs to self-rejuvenate, augment paracrine effect, and establish inflammatory tolerance. In this review, we introduce the physicochemical properties of BNs and systematically explore their synergistic relationship with MSCs in regenerative medicine. By integrating BNs with MSC, BNs-empowered MSCs (Be-MSCs) represent next-generation ATMPs. This innovative strategy addresses the limitations of conventional MSC therapies and offers a scalable, nonimmunogenic solution with significant potential for clinical application in SCI.