Methodology for the Implementation and Operation of Multivendor Automation Systems at Large-Scale Industrial Facilities

In the context of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (Industry 4.0), ensuring the interaction of equipment and software products from different vendors at large-scale industrial facilities becomes an important element for increasing operational efficiency and sustaining competitive advantages. This study is aimed at forming and methodologically substantiating a comprehensive approach to the implementation and operation of multivendor automation systems. The main objective is to propose a unified mechanism for integrating heterogeneous components that reduces risks associated with incompatibility, cyberthreats, and unwarranted operational costs. The methodological basis of the work relies on a systematic analysis of recent scientific literature, the comparison and application of international standards, in particular IEC 62264, as well as an empirical investigation of a practical case involving the creation of an integrated infrastructure at a strategically significant facility—the company ????????? ????? ??????. As a result, a phased methodology has been developed that covers pre-project surveying, the selection of an architecture based on a service-oriented approach (SOA), the unification of data-exchange protocols (OPC UA, MQTT), and the development of a strategy for managing the system life cycle. The scientific novelty lies in the proposal of an adaptive model for managing integration projects that takes into account both the specific features of industrial sites and the accelerated dynamics of technological transformations. The materials presented in the article possess practical value for system architects, automation specialists, managers of manufacturing enterprises, and experts in industrial cybersecurity.