Thyrogastric syndrome: a modern view of the problem

The term thyrogastric syndrome was first proposed in the early 1960s to reflect the pathogenetic relationship between autoimmune thyroiditis and chronic autoimmune gastritis. Later, this association was considered in the framework of autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 3B, where autoimmune thyroiditis is a mandatory component. According to accumulated data, the prevalence of autoimmune gastritis among patients with verified autoimmune thyroiditis is about 13%. The pathogenesis of both of these diseases is determined by the interaction of genetic, embryological, immunological, and environmental factors. It is important to note that such parallels allow for a better understanding of the mechanisms of autoimmune diseases and their relationship. Chronic autoimmune gastritis is characterized by the partial or complete disappearance of the parietal cells of the stomach, which leads to impaired production of hydrochloric acid and internal factor Castl. The consequences of this damage can be iron deficiency anemia, pernicious anemia, and the progression of mucosal damage to severe gastric atrophy. This review focuses on the association of the two aforementioned autoimmune diseases.