Antenatal spectrum of congenital heart disease: Experience from a Northern Indian referral unit

Congenital heart defects (CHDs) remain the most common birth anomalies, yet many cases are still detected late despite fetal ultrasound advances. This retrospective study analysed 3,660 antenatal scans, diagnosing 120 CHD cases, with Ventricular Septal Defect being most common (55.8%), followed by Tetralogy of Fallot (15%). A strong association with maternal risk factors and extra cardiac anomalies was noted, stressing the need for complete fetal evaluation. Thus, strengthening second-trimester screening, clinician training and use of genetic testing can improve early CHD detection and outcomes.