Hyponatremia in Acute Myocardial Infarction as a Prognostic Indicator - A Retrospective Observational Study

Background: Hyponatremia, a common electrolyte disturbance in hospitalized patients, has been linked to worse outcomes in acute cardiac diseases. Its value as a prognostic marker in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is still being investigated. Objectives: To find out the prevalence of hyponatremia among patients with acute myocardial infarction. To evaluate hyponatremia as a prognostic marker for acute myocardial infarction. Methods: A retrospective observational study of 100 individuals admitted with acute myocardial infarction. Patients were divided into hyponatremic (serum sodium < 135 mEq/L) and normonatremic groups. Demographic information, clinical characteristics, type of STEMI, ejection fraction, and duration of stay were examined. To measure the strength and significance of relationships, statistical analysis used odds ratios and p-values. Results: Hyponatremia was detected in 25% of AMI patients. It was more likely in older people and those with anterior, inferior, and lateral STEMI, though not statistically significant. Hyponatremia prevalence increased with decreasing ejection fraction (38.5% for EF <40%) and Hyponatremic patients had a substantially higher average hospital stay (6.88 ± 2.1 days vs. 5.11 ± 2.18 days; p = 0.030). Conclusion: Hyponatremia is a common finding in AMI patients, and it is linked to increased severity and longer hospital stay. It may be used as a simple but effective prognostic indicator to identify high-risk patients and guide more intense surveillance and intervention efforts.