Theoretical Mechanisms of Building Information Modelling (BIM): Information Representation, Data Exchange, and Decision Support

The existing literature focused primarily on practical applications of the BIM in project management, sustainable development, and facility management (FM), while the theoretical foundations of the model remained largely underdeveloped.This article provides a systematic literature review on the basic mechanisms of the BIM, including information representation, data exchange mechanisms, decision support, and new network models integrating semantic, topological, and spatial aspects.Despite the widespread adoption of standards such as Industry Foundation Classes (IFC), Construction Operations Building Information Exchange (COBie), and BIM Collaboration Format (BCF), there is a lack of consistent ontologies integrating the function, structure, and behavior of objects.As data exchange mechanisms remain limited by interoperability issues, the impact of the BIM on decision-making processes has not been captured in universal theoretical models.The latest approaches, based on networked data representation, offer promising prospects but require further empirical validation.The results of the review imply the development of integrated ontological frameworks, formalization of information exchange processes, and creation of theoretical models to support decision-making.