Effect of the Spencer Technique on Glenohumeral Joint Range of Motion: A Comparative Analysis of Athletes Versus Non-athletes

This study found that Spencer treatment paired with pickleball playing produced a statistically significant greater change in range of motion from baseline for shoulder flexion, extension, abduction, internal rotation, and external rotation compared to the other groups. No significant differences in shoulder adduction were found amongst the four groups. These findings highlight the benefit of combining Spencer treatment with recreational exercise in improving shoulder range of motion. With a more complete understanding of how Spencer treatment affects patients with varying exercise habits, osteopathic clinicians will be better positioned to deliver more personalized care and ensure optimal clinical outcomes.