Toxicity effect of alpha-cypermethrin on morphological of paddy seedling

Alpha-cypermethrin can impact the biotic and abiotic environment beyond the target. Therefore, efforts are needed to assess the impact on non-target organisms. The research aimed to investigate the toxicity effects of alpha-cypermethrin on the morphological development of paddy seedlings. The experiment was conducted at Pati, Central Java, from August to September 2024, using a water exposure (plant dipping) method, where plastic bottles filled with water contaminated by alpha-cypermethrin were used. The experiments involved two stages, each employing a randomized complete block design with five treatments and three replications. The first stage concentrations were 0, 1111, 2222, 3333, and 4444 ppm, while the second stage concentrations were 0, 138, 277, 555, and 1111 ppm. Each treatment was replicated three times and labeled as P1, P2, P3, P4, and P5, respectively. Observation periods were four days for the first stage and seven days for the second stage. The results indicated that alpha-cypermethrin caused significant growth inhibition in paddy seedlings, including reduced plant height, leaf deformation, and overall biomass. The effects were dose-dependent, with all treatments inhibiting plant height in the range of 0.3-1.7 cm, leaf deformation in the range of 10-100%, leaf area loss between 16-89%, and greenness loss from 3.6-100%.