Síndrome de Poland asociado a neumonía grave en un paciente con fibrosis quística: reporte de caso clínico del Hospital Pediátrico Baca Ortiz, Quito, Ecuador

Introduction: Poland syndrome is a rare congenital condition characterized by the absence or hypoplasia of the pectoralis major muscle. It is frequently associated with thoracic deformities and, in certain cases, abnormalities in the ipsilateral upper limb. Case Report: A 14-year-old male, previously diagnosed with cystic fibrosis, was admitted to the hospital due to severe pneumonia caused by Chlamydia pneumoniae. During his clinical evolution, thoracic anomalies consistent with Poland syndrome were identified, including pectus excavatum, right pectoral hypoplasia, thoracic scoliosis, and abnormalities in trapezius muscle insertion. The patient required intensive care management with non-invasive respiratory support, targeted antibiotic therapy, and close monitoring. Discussion: The coexistence of cystic fibrosis and Poland syndrome presents a diagnostic challenge, as structural thoracic changes may initially be attributed to the respiratory complications of cystic fibrosis. This case highlights the importance of thorough physical examination and multidisciplinary collaboration for the early diagnosis of congenital anomalies. Conclusion: Recognizing Poland syndrome in patients with comorbid respiratory conditions enhances clinical and surgical follow-up, facilitates genetic counseling, and supports tailored rehabilitation strategies.