The Contribution of the Berdyansk Zemstvo of the Last Third of the 19th Century to the Development of District Medicine and the Tasks of the Modern Development of the City and Municipal District As Part of Russia

The article is devoted to the study of the contribution of the Berdyansk district zemstvo to the development of medicine in the last third of the 19th century and the analysis of the possibilities of applying this historical experience in modern conditions. The main problem of the study is the need to study effective models of the organization of medical care in rural and county territories, especially in the context of high morbidity and mortality of the population in the post-reform period. The author uses the historical and analytical method, relying on archival materials, statistics, reports of zemstvo meetings and publications of the periodical press of that time. The results of the study showed that the Berdyansk Zemstvo successfully introduced a district health care system, increased funding for health care, organized sanitary and educational measures, which led to a decrease in mortality and an improvement in the health of the population. Particular attention is paid to the role of zemstvo doctors and paramedics, as well as the creation of infrastructure, including hospitals and sanitary commissions. The study demonstrates that zemstvo medicine has become an important stage in the formation of publicly available medical care, and the principles can be in demand in modern conditions to solve the problems of local self-government.