Extraction technologies and bioactive applications of Ocimum basilicum: A bibliometric and systematic review

• Comprehensive bibliometric and systematic review on Ocimum basilicum extraction (2010–2024). • Comparison of conventional vs. modern extractions: MAE, UAE, SFE, and emerging PEF technology. • Chemotypic diversity strongly influences yield, bioactivity, and standardization challenges. • BE (rosmarinic acid-rich) and BEO (linalool-dominated) show potent antimicrobial and antioxidant uses. • Optimization via RSM, BBD, and ML enhances green scalability for pharma, food, and agro industries. Ocimum basilicum , commonly known as basil, has attracted considerable attention due to its antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and pesticidal properties, which support a range of pharmaceutical, agricultural, and food-related applications. This review integrates bibliometric analysis and systematic evaluation to assess recent developments in extraction technologies, bioactive compounds, and research trends from 2010 to 2024. Advanced extraction methods, including microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), and supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), have proven effective in preserving these bioactivities while promoting environmentally sustainable processing. This study also describes critical research gaps, encompassing technical limitations in extraction efficiency, economic barriers to large-scale adoption, and regulatory considerations for industrial application. The distinct phytochemical profiles of extracts and essential oils, particularly rosmarinic acid and linalool, further highlight their industrial and therapeutic potential.