Augmented reality empowered precision aircraft assembly: error suppression and process optimization of fuselage system component assembly using optical projection technology

Traditional assembly positioning methods, such as assembly jigs or templates, can meet precision requirements but have limitations in the complex internal structures of aircraft. Particularly for the installation of system brackets, traditional manual scribing is inefficient and prone to errors. Three-dimensional optical projection technology, by integrating the virtual and the real, has achieved high-precision and high-efficiency assembly guidance. This paper takes the aircraft as an example to explore the application of optical projection technology in system bracket assembly, proposes the concept of a "virtual locator," and verifies its potential in digital assembly. The research results show that this technology can increase assembly efficiency by more than 50% and reduce the quality rejection rate by 30%, providing new ideas for the intelligent transformation of the aviation manufacturing industry.