Development of HOTS LKPD using a Problem Based Learning Model on Magnetic Materials to Improve Students’ Collaborative and Critical Thinking Skills in Junior High School

This study aims to describe the validity, practicality, and effectiveness of student worksheets (LKPD) based on higher-order thinking Skills (HOTS) on magnetism material using a problem-based learning model to enhance students' collaboration and critical thinking skills at SMP Negeri 1 Bungku. Conducted from January to May 2024, the research involved ninth-grade students in two classes. The research method is a type of development research following the ADDIE model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation). Data collection involved validation sheets, questionnaires, and written tests. Validation sheets were used to assess the validity of the developed learning tools, resulting in an average score of 4.74, indicating high validity. Questionnaires evaluated the practicality of the learning tools, with an average teacher response score of 3.86, indicating practicality. Written tests measured students' collaboration and critical thinking skills before and after the implementation of HOTS learning tools. Field testing indicated that the LKPD effectively improved students' collaboration and critical thinking skills, as evidenced by significant improvements in collaboration skills and a high effect size of 0.9 in critical thinking skills. The results demonstrate that LKPD HOTS using a problem-based learning model is valid, practical, and effective in enhancing students' skills.