Three-dimensional Morphometrics of Nasal Complex in Orthognathic and Prognathic Maxilla: A Pilot Study

Abstract Background: The nasal septum and surrounding structures play a key role in midface development. Deviations in nasal septal growth can affect adjacent bone morphology and contribute to malocclusion. Malalignment of facial structures plays a crucial role in the physical and psychological well-being of the individual. This pilot study assessed the nasal complex morphology in individuals with orthognathic and prognathic maxilla using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Aim: The present study aimed to assess and compare the morphometrics of nasal complex in individuals with prognathic maxilla and orthognathic maxilla. Methods: Sixteen CBCT images of individuals aged 18–30 years were analyzed and divided into orthognathic maxilla group and prognathic maxilla group. Nasal bone length, lateral bone width, septal deviation angle, and presence of concha bullosa were measured and compared. Statistical analysis used unpaired t -tests, multiple regression tests, Shapiro–Wilk test, and Fisher’s exact test ( P < 0.05). Results: No significant differences were observed in nasal bone length, septal deviation angle, or lateral nasal bone width between the groups. However, concha bullosa ( P = 0.01) and nasal septal deviation ( P = 0.01) were significantly more prevalent in the orthognathic maxilla group. Conclusion: Ethnic variability in nasal bone width was observed, with lower measurements in the Indian population compared to others. Significant differences in concha bullosa and septal deviation suggest that nasal airflow may influence maxillary development. This study provides preliminary normative data for future orthodontic planning.