Morphological and laboratory factors associated with recurrence risk in non-metastatic seminoma pT1–pT2: a retrospective analysis

Purpose of the study. To perform a comparative analysis of clinical data and morphological features in patients with non‑metastatic seminoma, as well as to identify prognostic criteria for the administration of adjuvant antitumor therapy. Patients and methods. This retrospective study was conducted at the National Medical Radiological Research Centre and included data from patients with non‑metastatic seminoma (n = 96) who underwent orchifuniculectomy. Medical records were reviewed with assessment of clinical and anamnestic data, laboratory parameters (alpha‑fetoprotein (AFP), beta‑human chorionic gonadotropin (β‑hCG), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)), and morphological tumor characteristics. Patients were stratified into three recurrence risk groups (low, intermediate, and high) according to current clinical guidelines. Results. Comparative analysis revealed statistically significant associations between the high‑risk recurrence group and several clinico‑morphological parameters: tunica albuginea invasion (χ² = 23.626, p < 0.001), tumor necrosis (χ² = 6.579, p = 0.038), and elevated β‑hCG levels (χ² = 1.039, p < 0.001). Analysis of AFP and LDH levels did not show significant differences between stages or risk groups. Conclusion. The results of this retrospective study expand current understanding of factors associated with recurrence risk in non‑metastatic seminoma and emphasize the need for a personalized approach to risk group stratification.