Reinforcement of PMMA Denture Base Properties with Hybrid Nanofillers

The study aimed to enhance the mechanical properties of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) by developing nanocomposites incorporating halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). These hybrid nanofillers, fixed at 5 wt.%, were assessed for their impact on PMMA’s impact strength (IS) and fracture toughness (KIC). After surface treatment with a silane coupling agent, their properties were analysed using fi eld emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). Th e results showed signifi cant improvements (p < 0.05) in IS and KIC with increasing MWCNT concentration. Notably, a ratio of 4.25 wt.% HNTs to 0.75 wt.% MWCNTs yielded the greatest enhancement, with IS and KIC values of 10.26 kJm–² and 2.59 MPa·m¹/², respectively, compared to pure PMMA. These findings suggest that hybrid nanofillers can potentially improve PMMA denture bases, enhancing the durability of dental composites.