Thermal Management System and Effect Analysis for Winter Operation of Hydrogen Powered Ships

With the increasing global attention to environmental protection and sustainable development, the use of new energy to replace traditional fuels has become an important trend in the shipping industry. Aiming at the problems of fuel cell output state and heating effect provided by heat pump system in hydrogen powered ships running in winter, a dynamic simulation model of whole-ship thermal management for hydrogen powered ships is constructed in this paper. At an ambient temperature of 263.15 K, two operating modes of startup and normal navigation were simulated. During the start-up process, the changes in the starting power and temperature of the fuel cell and lithium battery, as well as the influence of different current loading modes on cold start-up, were studied, and the results show that the constant current loading mode is not suitable for winter start-up due to low output voltage. The changes of output power and hydrogen utilization rate of fuel cell under different current densities were studied during normal sailing. The study found that after 400 seconds of start-up, the fuel cell stack temperature rose to 343.15 K, indicating that the start-up was successful, and the cabin temperature rapidly increased to achieve the heating effect. During normal sailing, when the current density is between 800 and 950 mA/cm<sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup>, the output power and hydrogen utilization rate are in the best range. Finally, the state changes of the refrigerant under two conditions are simulated.