Development of a Karakuri-Inspired Load and Unload Platform for Enhanced Efficiency in Material Handling Processes

This paper presents the development of an energy-efficient material handling system that integrates traditional Karakuri mechanical principles with modern Automated Guided Vehicles (AGVs). The aim is to reduce human intervention and improve workflow efficiency in industrial settings. The proposed system features a Karakuriinspired load and unload platform that operates without external power, relying on gravity and simple mechanical motion. AGVs equipped with line-following sensors, obstacle detection, and Wi-Fi-based TCP communication autonomously navigate predefined tracks and coordinate with stations for seamless item transfer. The methodology includes the mechanical design of the cart and station using AutoCAD, hardware integration using Arduino Mega, and real-time control via PID algorithms. Experimental results show that the AGV successfully completed material transport tasks with a cycle time of approximately 28.6 seconds over a 6.5 -meter track. Despite limitations in wireless connectivity and sensor robustness, the system demonstrated reliable operation and efficient automation. The project highlights the potential of combining Karakuri concepts with low-cost automation to enhance productivity in smart manufacturing environments..