Research on CNC Machine Tool Spindle Fault Diagnosis Method Based on Deep Residual Shrinkage Network with Dynamic Convolution and Selective Kernel Attention Model

Rolling bearing vibration signals are often severely affected by strong external noise, which can obscure fault-related features and hinder accurate diagnosis. To address this challenge, this paper proposes an enhanced Deep Residual Shrinkage Network with Dynamic Convolution and Selective Kernel Attention (DDRSN-SKA). First, one-dimensional vibration signals are converted into two-dimensional time frequency images using the Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT), providing richer input representations. Then, a dynamic convolution module is introduced to adaptively adjust kernel weights based on the input, enabling the network to better extract salient features. To improve feature discrimination, an Selective Kernel Attention (SKAttention) module is incorporated into the intermediate layers of the network. By applying a multi-receptive field channel attention mechanism, the network can emphasize critical information and suppress irrelevant features. The final classification layer determines the fault types. Experiments conducted on both the Case Western Reserve University (CWRU) dataset and a laboratory-collected bearing dataset demonstrate that DDRSN-SKA achieves diagnostic accuracies of 98.44% and 94.44% under −8 dB Gaussian and Laplace noise, respectively. These results confirm the model’s strong noise robustness and its suitability for fault diagnosis in noisy industrial environments.